In an unprecedented move, Google has publicly released a series of COVID-19 Community Mobility Maps, utilizing location history data from users around the world to present insights into how people are moving around local communities. The data is presented to highlight how social distancing and shelter in place measures are changing people’s behaviors.
The initial release of these reports covers 131 countries, each offering a downloadable PDF comparing recent location data with similar data from over two months ago. Each report looks at mobility trends across six categories: Retail & Recreation (cafes, museums, etc), Grocery & Pharmacy, Parks (including public parks and national parks), Transit Stations, Workplaces, and Residential.
Each country report is also broken down by individual states or provinces. The United States reports are a little more granular, with individual PDF reports for each specific state allowing for more detailed county by county breakdowns.
In a blog post explaining the public data release, Senior Vice President of Maps Jen Fitzpatrick and Chief Health Officer of Google Health Karen DeSalvo suggest the information is designed to help public health officials better understand the efficacy of local measures.
“For example, this information could help officials understand changes in essential trips that can shape recommendations on business hours or inform delivery service offerings,” the blog post explains. “Similarly, persistent visits to transportation hubs might indicate the need to add additional buses or trains in order to allow people who need to travel room to spread out for social distancing. Ultimately, understanding not only whether people are traveling, but also trends in destinations, can help officials design guidance to protect public health and essential needs of communities.”
Google is keen to stress this aggregated data is anonymized to make sure no user data can identify a specific person’s movements. Google also notes this data is only collected from users who have turned on their Location History setting, an opt-in setting that is switched off by default.
“While we display a percentage point increase or decrease in visits, we do not share the absolute number of visits,” the blog post says. “To protect people’s privacy, no personally identifiable information, like an individual’s location, contacts or movement, is made available at any point.”
While the data is undeniably fascinating, illustrating how significantly population movements have shifted in some regions over a short period of time, it is unclear if these reports offer enough specificity to be of any real use to local public health officials.
In countries that are several weeks into strict stay-at-home lockdowns the reports certainly indicate significant behavior changes. Italy, for example, shows a 94 percent drop in retail and recreation behaviors, and an 87-percent drop in visits to transit stations. Sweden, on the other hand, a country that controversially has yet to declare a strong lockdown, shows only a 24-percent drop in retail and recreation behaviors, and a striking 43-percent rise in park visitations.